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Laurel Electronics provides
digital panel meters / controllers, totalizers, counters, loop-powered meters,
temperature meters, for all types of transducers or process indication &
control. |
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Laureate™
Custom Curve Linearizing Process Meter
Panel
Meter with easy programming for nonlinear curve fits |
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Features |
| Able
to handle nonlinear relationships between input
signal and reading. |
Exceptional
accuracy from 0.1% to 0.01% of FS using curvilinear
spline fits. |
| Easy
setup by entering data points into a computer
spreadsheet, or typing in desired readings for
actual signal inputs. |
0.2,
2, 20, 200 and 660 V ranges. |
| 2,
20, 200 mA and 5 A input ranges. |
All
ranges factory calibrated. |
| 5
digit resolution. |
Span
adjust from 0 to ±99,999 |
| Zero
adjust from -99,999 to +99,999 |
Peak
value display standard. |
| Up
to 60 conversions per second. |
Selectable
fixed right-hand zero with rounding. |
| 5,
10 or 24 Vdc transducer excitation supply. |
Ratiometric
compensation for variations in excitation voltage in
pot follower applications. |
| NEMA
4X (IP-65) 1/8 DIN case. |
External
controls for reset, meter hold, decimal points, and
tare. |
| Linearized
analog output option. |
Certified
to UL 3101-1, CAN/CSA-C22.2, EN 61010-1 (CE Mark) |
Click
to Order Linerizing Panel Meter
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Description |
| The
Laureate™ Linearizing Process Meter is an enhanced
version of the Laureate
Process Meter with an Extended main board and an
RS-232 communications board. In addition to to being
able to provide a 5-digit scaled display from
-99,999 to +99,999 like the Laureate process meter,
it is able to provide a highly accurate display when
the mathematical relationship between the input
signal and the desired reading is non-linear. This
relationship is implemented by the meter in the form
of 20 nonlinear spline-fit segments, which provide
much better accuracy than a larger number of
straight line segments. The typical error will be
from 0.1% to 0.01%, depending on the number of data
points used for setup, the error in the data points,
and the severity of non-linearities or
discontinuities |
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| Easy
Setup |
| Setup
of a Laureate Linearizing Process Meter requires an external
PC, which is connected to the meter via an RS-232 cable,
and utilizes linearizing software furnished by Laurel
Electronics. To download, go to our Download
Page. Three meter programming methods are offered: |
| Spreadsheet
Method |
Actual
Input Method |
Polynomial
Method |
| Data
points consisting of the input signal in Volts or Amps
and the desired reading are entered into an Excel spreadsheet
or into a text text file using a space, comma or tab as
the delimiter. There can be from 2 to 240 data points.
Laurel's software then calculates 20 spline-fit segments
and downloads their coefficients into the meter.
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The
meter is hooked up to the actual signal source, and the
user enters the desired readings for different signal
levels. There can be from 2 to 240
input / reading combinations. Laurel's software then calculates
20 spline-fit segments and downloads their coefficients
into the meter. This method automatically compensates
for any errors in the transducer.
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The
mathematical formula relating the input to the output
is entered into the computer, which then uses this data
to calculate the spline-fit segments. This method is ideal
if the mathematical relationship is knows, for example
to calculate the contents of a tank based on the known
geometry of the tank. |
| Applications |
The ability
to apply custom curve linearization opens many possibilities,
including the following:
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Altimeters,
since
the relationship between pressure and altitude is
very non-linear.
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Rate
of ascent
based on successive altimeter readings.
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Square
root extraction
from differential pressure transducers, whose signal
may have zero offset.
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Volume
of irregularly-shaped tanks,
such as horizontal cylinders, based on measured
liquid level or liquid pressure at the base of the
tank.
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Non-linear
transducers,
such as thermistors or CdS cells.
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Fine-calibrating
linear transducers,
since even nominally linear transducers will have
nonlinear components.
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Extending
the working range of transducers,
since many transducers become nonlinear at the low
and high ends.
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| Measuring
tank volume |
Rate
from successive readings |
| The
Extended Laureate process meter can display the volume
of irregularly shaped tanks based on measured tank level
or static pressure at the base of the tank. A common example
is a cylindrical tank lying on its side. The tank can
further be tilted to facilitate drainage, as illustrated.
Spherical tanks or spheroidal water tanks are another
example. |
The
Extended process meter allows the display of rate based
on successive readings, for instance flow rate based on
changes in liquid level or static pressure in a tank.
In the above illustration, the meter displays the rate
in gallons at which a horizontal tank is being emptied.
The input to the meter can be nonlinear, since only the
linearized readings are compared for the determination
of rate. |
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Powering
two-wire transmitters |
Peak
detection |
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The isolated 24 Vdc, 50 mA excitation
output, which is standard with all Laureate meters,
is ideal for powering two-wire, 4-20 mA transmitters.
The same two wires are used to apply voltage and carry
the output current. Inside the meter, the 4-20 mA current
is dropped across a 10 ohm resistor and sets
up a 40-200 mV voltage, which is then sensed by the
meter and scaled to engineering units |
Destructive testing is an ideal
application for the Laureate strain meter. Peak readings
are automatically captured at rates up to 60 per second,
while the display updates at a legible 3.5 readings
per second. The peak reading can be recalled at the
push of a button or be transmitted via RS-232 or RS-485.
The meter provides isolated 10 Vdc power for
up to four (4) the strain gauges and can be scaled to
read out from -99,999 to +99,999. |
Click
to Order Linerizing Panel Meter
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| Versatile
Electronics |
The
electronics of the Laureate™ digital process and strain
meters provide a scalable reading for a wide range of
DC input signals from ±200.00 mV to ±660.0 V and ±2.000
mA to ±5.000 A full scale. Common signals include
4-20 mA, 0-5 V and 0-10 V. All
ranges are pre-calibrated at the factory, so that recalibration
is not needed when changing ranges or signal conditioners. |
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| Isolated
Excitation Supply |
Fast
Read Rate and Signal Filtering |
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5,
10, and 24 Vdc isolated excitation outputs are standard
to power strain gauge bridges and 4-20 mA transmitters,
eliminating the need for an external supply. When powering
strain gauges or potentiometers, the 5 or 10 Vdc excitation
is monitored by the meter to eliminate errors caused
by excitation voltage variations. As a result, Laureate
process meters are ideal for use
in potentiometer follower applications, where the transducer
output is a changing resistance. Strain gauges with
a 20 mV output can be scaled to display up to 10,000
counts, while outputs of 200 mV can be scaled to 99,999
counts. |
The
displayed readings and the data outputs can be separately
selected to be either unfiltered or filtered.
An
unfiltered selection updates after each conversion for
fastest response, up to 60/sec, while integrating the
input signal over a full power cycle. Fast read rate
provides true peak readings and aids in control applications.
A batch-average filter selection averages each 16 conversions
for an update every 1/4 sec.
An adaptive moving average filter selection provides
a choice of 8 time constants from 80 ms to 9.6 s. When
a significant change in signal level occurs, the filter
adapts by briefly switching to the shortest time to
follow the change, then reverts back to its selected
time constant. Another choice is Auto, which provides
an automatic time constant selection based on the signal
noise characteristics. |
| Advanced
Meter Features |
Options
& Other Features |
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Auto-tare allows
the display to be zeroed for any input signal. This
is normally achieved by applying a switch closure or
logic signal at the rear connector. The tare value is
stored in non-volatile memory and is retained when power
is removed.
Peak
value of the input signal is automatically captured
and may be displayed via a front panel pushbutton command
or control signal at the rear connector. Other controls
via the rear connector include meter hold, meter reset,
peak reset, and decimal point selection. |
Options
include 0-10V and 0-20 mA output scaled to the linearized
display, and dual 10 A contact relays or dual solid
state relays for alarm and setpoint control. The standard
meter can be powered from 85-264 85-264 Vac
and 90-370 Vdc. A low voltage power supply for operation
from 8-28 Vac and 9-37 Vdc is optional. The display
is available with red or green LEDs.
The
DIN case meets NEMA 4X (IP-65) specifications from
the front when panel mounted. Any setup functions
and front panel keys may be locked out for simplified
usage and security.
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Specifications |
| DC
Voltage |
DC
Voltage Range |
Resolution |
Input
Ohms |
Error
at 25°C ±1 count |
| 200.00
mV |
10
µV |
1
G |
0.01%
FS |
| 2.000
V |
100
µV |
1
G |
0.01%
FS |
| 20.000
V |
1
mV |
1
M |
0.01%
FS |
| 200.00
V |
10
mV |
1
M |
0.01%
FS |
| 660.0
V |
100
mV |
1
M |
0.03%
FS |
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| DC
Current |
2.0000
mA |
0.1
µA
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100 |
0.01%
FS |
20.000
mA
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1.0
µA
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10 |
0.01%
FS
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200.00
mA
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10
µA |
1 |
0.01%
FS |
| 5.000
A |
1.0
mA |
0.01 |
0.04%
FS |
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| DC
Voltage & Current |
| Display |
A-to-D
Conversion |
Readout |
5
digits, 7-segment, 14.2 mm (.56") |
Technique |
Concurrent
Slope™ (Pat 5,262,780) |
Color |
Red
or green LED |
A-to-D
Rate |
60/s
at 60 Hz, 50/s at 50 Hz |
Range |
-99999
to +99999 or -99990 to +99990 (count by 10 with
rounding) |
Output
Update |
56/s
at 60 Hz, 47/s at 50 Hz
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Indicators |
Minus
sign, 2 red LED lamps |
Display
Update |
3.5/s
at 60 Hz, 3/s at 50 Hz |
| Accuracy |
Noise
Rejection |
Span
Tempco |
0.003%
of reading/°C |
CMR,
DC to 60 Hz |
130
dB |
Zero
Tempco |
0.1
counts/°C |
NMR
at 50/60 Hz |
90
dB with min filtering |
| Maximum
Signal |
Power |
Max
applied voltage |
660
Vac for 20, 200 and 600 V ranges, 125 Vac for other
ranges
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Voltage,
std.
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85-264
Vac and 90-370 Vdc
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Frequency
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DC
or 49-440 Hz
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Overcurrent
protection |
25x
for 2 mA, 8x for 20 mA, 2.5x for 200 mA, 1x for 5 A |
Voltage,
opt. |
8-28
Vac and 9-37 Vdc
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Power
isolation |
Safety-rated
to 250 Vac, meter ground to earth ground,
DC to 60 Hz, 4.2 kVp per High Voltage Test |
| Excitation
Output |
Connector
Pin Assignments |
5
Vdc |
5
Vdc ±5%, 100 mA max |
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10
Vdc |
10
Vdc ±5%, 120 mA max |
24
Vdc |
24
Vdc ±5%, 50 mA max |
Output
isolation |
50
Vdc to meter ground |
| Environmental |
Operating
Temperature |
0°C
to 55°C |
Storage
Temperature |
-40°C
to 85°C |
Relative
HumidityProtection |
NEMA-4X
(IP-65) when panel mounted |
Click
to Order Linerizing Panel Meter
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FLW,
Inc - 3505
Cadillac Ave - Bldg E - Costa Mesa, CA. - 92626 - USA - Ph (714) 751 -
7512 - Fax (714) 751 - 0213
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